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National University of Singapore Satellite Images on Haiti Earthquake Suggest a Rupture Shorter Than Earlier Estimation
Remaining Portion of the Enriquillo Fault May Break in Future, Causing New Earthquakes
 
Contact:  Ms. Sarah Foo, Assistant Manager, Media Relations, National University of Singapore, (65) 65165399, sarahfoo@nus.edu.sg
 
SINGAPORE, March 8  /Standard Newswire/ -- Researchers from the Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing (CRISP) at the National University of Singapore (NUS) have successfully processed a series of satellite radar images that revealed Haitian land surface changes caused by the 12 January 2010 earthquake that occurred about 25 km from the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. The results, obtained for the first time by CRISP researchers using the Japanese satellite 'Alos-Palsar', suggest that the length of the rupture was shorter than the original estimation which spanned from Petit Goave to the south of Port-au-Prince. This implies that the other part of the fault is still under constraints and may break in future.
 
The Centre had obtained data from Japanese satellite 'Alos-Palsar' to map the precise land surface deformation in the epicenter's vicinity, and researchers found that the displacement of the earth's crust had a complicated deformation pattern that was north of the Enriquillo fault. The images are now made available for geologist and scientists around the world to add to the current knowledge on earthquakes.
 
These images were obtained using the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique, which is a sophisticated processing technique that combines a few dataset to generate an interferometric map. To date, CRISP is the only agency in the region to have successfully produced interferometric maps over equatorial regions. These maps show the displacement that occurs during an earthquake with accuracy within a centimetre for areas that are as large as a few hundred square kilometres.
 
"The challenges of measuring a few centimetres displacement from a satellite flying at 7km/s and 700 km above the ground are particularly difficult, while the equatorial region, with its typical dense vegetation and mountainous terrain makes the task even harder," said CRISP research scientist Emmanuel Christophe.
 
The Centre's new capability will enable basic studies of geological dynamics and overall damage assessment to be conducted. CRISP had also been using optical satellite images in the study of land surface changes wrought by natural disasters such as tsunami and volcanic eruptions. The new technology could contribute towards monitoring earthquakes in the Sumatran region, and for relief and rescue efforts.